Scotland, a land of rugged landscapes, misty lochs, and dramatic history, is home to some of the most captivating castles in the world. These castles, scattered across the highlands, lowlands, and islands, are not just architectural marvels—they are symbols of Scotland’s rich and turbulent past. From ancient fortresses perched on cliffs to romantic ruins steeped in legend, Scotland’s castles tell stories of battles, royalty, and resilience. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, a lover of architecture, or simply seeking a fairytale adventure, exploring Scotland’s castles is an experience you’ll never forget.
1. Why Scotland is the Land of Castles
Scotland is often referred to as the “Land of Castles,” and for good reason—there are over 2,000 castles spread across the country, each with its own unique story. The abundance of castles can be traced back to Scotland’s feudal past when clans and nobles built fortifications to protect their territories and assert their power.
Why Scotland’s Castles are Special:
- Diverse Architecture: Scotland’s castles range from medieval fortresses to Renaissance palaces, showcasing centuries of architectural evolution.
- Rich History: Many castles were sites of pivotal battles, royal intrigues, and legendary events.
- Spectacular Locations: Perched on cliffs, nestled in glens, or surrounded by moody lochs, Scotland’s castles are as famous for their settings as their history.
- Cultural Significance: These castles are integral to Scotland’s identity, appearing in literature, film, and folklore.
2. Must-Visit Castles in Scotland
Scotland’s castles are as diverse as its landscapes. Here are some of the most iconic ones you should visit:
1. Edinburgh Castle
- Location: Edinburgh
- Why It’s Special: Sitting atop Castle Rock, a volcanic crag, Edinburgh Castle dominates the skyline of Scotland’s capital. It has been a royal residence, a military stronghold, and is now one of Scotland’s top tourist attractions.
- Highlights:
- The Crown Jewels of Scotland and the Stone of Destiny, used in the coronation of Scottish monarchs.
- The One O’Clock Gun, a daily tradition where a cannon is fired.
- Stunning views of Edinburgh from the battlements.
- Pro Tip: Arrive early to avoid crowds and book your tickets in advance.
2. Eilean Donan Castle
- Location: Kyle of Lochalsh, Highlands
- Why It’s Special: Often called the most romantic castle in Scotland, Eilean Donan is situated on a small island where three lochs meet. Its iconic silhouette has been featured in numerous films and postcards.
- Highlights:
- A picturesque stone bridge leading to the castle.
- Fully restored interiors showcasing Scottish heritage.
- Stunning views of Loch Duich and the surrounding highlands.
- Pro Tip: Visit at sunrise or sunset for the most breathtaking photos.
3. Stirling Castle
- Location: Stirling
- Why It’s Special: Known as the “Key to Scotland,” Stirling Castle played a crucial role in the country’s history, including during the Wars of Independence. It was also the childhood home of Mary, Queen of Scots.
- Highlights:
- The Great Hall, Scotland’s largest medieval banquet hall.
- The Royal Palace, adorned with stunning Renaissance art.
- Views of the Wallace Monument and Bannockburn Battlefield.
- Pro Tip: Take a guided tour to fully appreciate its historical significance.
4. Dunnottar Castle
- Location: Stonehaven, Aberdeenshire
- Why It’s Special: Perched dramatically on a cliff overlooking the North Sea, Dunnottar Castle is one of the most striking ruins in Scotland. It was famously the hiding place of the Scottish Crown Jewels during the English Civil War.
- Highlights:
- The breathtaking cliffside location.
- Exploring the ruins of the keep, chapel, and prison.
- Stunning coastal views from the surrounding trails.
- Pro Tip: Wear sturdy shoes—the path to the castle involves a steep climb.
5. Urquhart Castle
- Location: Loch Ness
- Why It’s Special: Overlooking the legendary Loch Ness, Urquhart Castle is one of Scotland’s most famous castles. Its strategic location made it a key stronghold during the medieval wars.
- Highlights:
- Ruined towers and walls offering panoramic views of Loch Ness.
- A visitor center showcasing the castle’s history.
- The chance to spot the mythical Loch Ness Monster!
- Pro Tip: Combine your visit with a boat tour of Loch Ness.
6. Balmoral Castle
- Location: Aberdeenshire
- Why It’s Special: Balmoral has been a private retreat for the British royal family since the 19th century. Queen Elizabeth II famously spent her summers here.
- Highlights:
- Beautiful gardens and grounds (open to the public when the royal family is not in residence).
- The royal residence’s elegant architecture.
- Scenic surroundings in the Cairngorms National Park.
- Pro Tip: Check opening dates in advance, as it is only open seasonally.
7. Glamis Castle
- Location: Angus
- Why It’s Special: The childhood home of Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother, and the setting of Shakespeare’s “Macbeth,” Glamis Castle is steeped in royal and literary history.
- Highlights:
- Lavish interiors filled with period furniture and tapestries.
- Stories of ghosts and legends, including the mysterious “Monster of Glamis.”
- Beautiful gardens and parklands.
- Pro Tip: Join a guided tour to hear the fascinating stories tied to the castle.
3. Best Ways to Explore Scotland’s Castles
Exploring Scotland’s castles can be as adventurous or relaxed as you like. Here are some popular ways to experience them:
Self-Guided Road Trip
Scotland’s well-maintained roads make it easy to plan a self-guided tour. Popular routes include:
- Scotland’s Castle Trail: Aberdeenshire is known as “Castle Country,” with over 260 castles, including Craigievar Castle and Fraser Castle.
- Highlands Adventure: Combine castles like Eilean Donan with scenic drives through the Highlands.
Guided Tours
- Many tour companies offer castle-themed trips, which include historical insights and transportation.
- Options range from day trips departing from cities like Edinburgh and Glasgow to multi-day tours.
Combine with Outdoor Activities
- Many castles are surrounded by stunning hiking trails or located near lochs, perfect for kayaking or boating.
- Some castles, like Inveraray Castle, host events like Highland Games.
Stay in a Castle
For a truly magical experience, book a stay in a castle-turned-hotel, such as Dalhousie Castle or Inverlochy Castle.
4. When to Visit
- Spring (April–June): The gardens around many castles are in full bloom, and the weather is pleasant.
- Summer (July–August): This is the peak tourist season, so expect larger crowds, but longer daylight hours mean more time to explore.
- Autumn (September–October): Fall foliage adds an extra layer of beauty to castle landscapes.
- Winter (November–March): While some castles close during winter, others like Edinburgh Castle remain open, offering a quieter experience.
5. Tips for Visiting Castles
- Wear Comfortable Shoes: Many castles have uneven paths, spiral staircases, or steep climbs.
- Buy Tickets in Advance: Popular castles can sell out quickly, especially during peak season.
- Check Opening Hours: Some castles have seasonal closures or reduced hours.
- Pack for the Weather: Scotland’s weather can be unpredictable, so bring layers and waterproofs.
- Learn the History: Understanding the stories behind each castle enhances the experience. Consider hiring a guide or downloading an audio tour.
6. Beyond the Castles
After visiting Scotland’s castles, there’s much more to explore:
- Lochs and Highlands: Pair your castle visits with trips to Loch Ness, Glencoe, or the Isle of Skye.
- Distilleries: Enjoy Scotland’s famous whiskies by visiting distilleries near castles, such as Glenfiddich in Speyside.
- Local Festivals: Attend events like the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo or Highland Games, which often take place near historic castles.
FAQs
- How many castles are there in Scotland?
There are over 2,000 castles in Scotland, ranging from ruins to fully restored residences. - What is the most visited castle in Scotland?
Edinburgh Castle is the most visited, attracting over 2 million visitors annually. - Can you stay overnight in a Scottish castle?
Yes, several castles, like Dalhousie Castle, offer luxurious accommodations. - Are Scotland’s castles family-friendly?
Absolutely! Many castles, like Stirling and Edinburgh, have interactive exhibits and activities for children. - Do I need a car to explore Scotland’s castles?
While having a car offers flexibility, guided tours and public transport can also take you to many popular castles. - What is the best castle for photography?
Eilean Donan Castle is particularly photogenic, especially at sunrise or sunset. - Are there haunted castles in Scotland?
Yes, castles like Glamis and Culzean are famous for their ghost stories and paranormal legends. - Can I explore castle ruins?
Many castle ruins, like Dunnottar and Urquhart, are open to the public and safe to explore. - Do Scottish castles host events?
Yes, castles like Inveraray and Drumlanrig frequently host weddings, concerts, and seasonal festivals. - Are there free castles to visit?
Some castles, like the ruins of Old Slains Castle, are free to visit, though donations are encouraged.